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The radiation dose quantity effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection system of radiological protection.〔ICRP publication, 103 para 103〕 It is the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs of the body and represents the stochastic health risk to the whole body, which is the ''probability'' of cancer induction and genetic effects, of low levels of ionising radiation.〔ICRP publication 103, glossary〕〔ICRP publication 103, para 104 and 105〕 It takes into account the type of radiation and the nature of each organ or tissue being irradiated, and enables summation of organ doses due to varying levels and types of radiation, both internal and external, to produce an overall calculated effective dose. The SI unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv) which represents a 5.5% chance of developing cancer.〔ICRP publication 103〕 The effective dose is not intended as a measure of ''deterministic'' health effects, which is the ''severity'' of acute tissue damage that is certain to happen, that is measured by the quantity absorbed dose. 〔ICRP report 103 para 104 and 105〕 The concept of effective dose was developed by Wolfgang Jacobi and published in 1975, and was so convincing that the ICRP incorporated it into their 1977 general recommendations (publication 26) as "effective dose equivalent".〔Journal of Radiological protection Vol 35 No.3 2015 . "Obituary - Wolfgang Jacobi 1928 - 2015." 〕 The name "effective dose" replaced the name "effective dose equivalent" in 1991. 〔ICRP publication 103 executive summary para 101〕 Since 1977 it has been the central quantity for dose limitation in the ICRP international system of radiological protection.〔ICRP publication, 103 para 103〕 ==Uses== According to the ICRP, the main uses of effective dose are the prospective dose assessment for planning and optimisation in radiological protection, and demonstration of compliance with dose limits for regulatory purposes. The effective dose is thus a central dose quantity for regulatory purposes. 〔ICRP publication 103 executive summary para j〕 The ICRP also says that effective dose has made a significant contribution to radiological protection as it has enabled doses to be summed from whole and partial body exposure from external radiation of various types and from intakes of radionuclides.〔ICRP publication 103 para 101〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effective dose (radiation)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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